Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu ndi njira yochizira kutentha kwa ma bolts amphamvu kwambiri kumawunikidwa mokwanira

1. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu: kusinthika kwapawiri kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe

Chiyambi chabawuti yamphamvu kwambirintchito yagona mu mgwirizano kukhathamiritsa kusankha zinthu ndi kutentha njira mankhwala.Zotsatirazi ndi mayankho ofunikira pakusankha zinthu komanso mfundo zaukadaulo zamakampani:

1. Sing'anga carbon alloy steel: kusankha koyamba kwamphamvu kwambiri

o Mlingo wofananira: 42CrMo, 35CrMoA, 40Cr ndi zida zina zolimba kwambiri komanso kulimba kwamphamvu, zimakhala zosankha za 10.9 ndi 12.9 ma bawuti am'kalasi, oyenerera mphamvu yamphepo, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ndi zochitika zina zolemetsa.

o Zofunikira zoumitsa: Zinthuzo ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kuposa 90% ya gawo lozimitsidwa ndi dongosolo la martensitic, kupewa mawonekedwe osakhala a martensitic mu mtima omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu.Mwachitsanzo, mabawuti a M48-M64 opangidwa ndi chitsulo cha 42CrMoA amatha kukumana ndi index ya 10.9 pakuzimitsa pa 840-860 ℃ ndi kutentha pa 540 ℃.

2. Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon alloy: zonse mphamvu ndi kukana kuchedwa kusweka

o imayimira zinthu: 20MnTiB, 35VB, ndi zina zotero ndizoyenera ma bolts a 10.9 m'munsi mwa M24, ndipo phosphorous yawo yotsika komanso kuyera kwa malire a tirigu kungachepetse chiopsezo cha kusweka mochedwa.

3. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Njira yothetsera malo apadera

o Austenitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (monga 304, 316) zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wa Marine ndi zida zama mankhwala;Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Martensitic (monga 410) chimatenthedwa kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira zamphamvu.

4. Kuwongolera zinthu zakuthupi

o spherodizing annealing pretreatment: medium carbon steel annealing is isothermal annealing at 700 ℃ to convert the flake pearlite kukhala mpira, kupititsa patsogolo kuzizira kwa mutu wapulasitiki (deformation rate mpaka 60% -80%), ndikupewa kuphulika kwa mutu wozizira.

2. Njira yochizira kutentha: yolondola bwino mphamvu ndi kulimba

Chithandizo cha kutentha ndiye chida chachikulu chodziwira ntchito yamabawuti, ndipo ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zowongolera zamakina pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowotcha "quenching + tempering".

1. Spheroidizing annealing ndondomeko

o Njira magawo: sing'anga mpweya zitsulo utakhazikika pang'onopang'ono pambuyo Kutentha pafupi ndi mfundo yovuta (700 ℃);Medium carbon alloy steel isothermal spheroidization annealing (AC1 + 20-30 ℃ Kutentha, 700 ℃ isothermal) kuonetsetsa kufanana kwa kapangidwe kake.

2. Kuzimitsa ndondomeko kukhathamiritsa

o Kuwongolera kutentha: Kutentha kozimitsa kwazitsulo zapakati pa carbon alloy ndi 840-870 ℃, monga chitsulo cha 42CrMoA chogwiritsa ntchito 850-870 ℃ kutentha kumatha kuyeretsa njere ndikuwongolera kuya kwa gawo lozimitsa.

o Kuzizira sing'anga kusankha: kuzimitsa mafuta (L-AN10~L-AN32) ndiye yankho lalikulu, poganizira kuthamanga kuzirala ndi kuwongolera mapindikidwe;Ma bawuti akulu akulu (monga M30 ndi pamwambapa) amazimitsidwa ndi njira yamadzi ya PAG kuti apewe kuzimitsa ming'alu.

3. Tempering ndondomeko luso

o Kutentha kofananira: kutentha kwa chitsulo cha 42CrMo kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 500-540 ℃, zomwe sizingathetsere kupsinjika maganizo, komanso kukhalabe pakati pa mphamvu zowonongeka (≥950MPa) ndi kuchepa kwa gawo (≥44%).

o kupewa brittleness ndi kuwongolera: Kwa ma bawuti a kalasi ya 12.9, kuziziritsa kwamadzi kapena kuziziritsa kwamafuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa mwachangu 370-560 ℃ tempering brittle zone kuwonetsetsa kuti kulimba kwake kumakwaniritsa muyezo.

4. Kuyesa ndi kulamulira khalidwe

o Zizindikiro zazikulu: kuuma (32-38HRC), kulimba kwamphamvu (≥1040MPa), kutalika pambuyo pakusweka (≥8%) ndi mawonekedwe a metallographic (kupsa mtima kwa sorbite + trace ferrite) ziyenera kuyesedwa mosamalitsa.

o Kupewa chilema: kuchotsa phosphorous polarization wosanjikiza (ozizira ndi Chimaona gwero) ndi decarburization wosanjikiza (choyambitsa chachikulu cha kusakwanira kuuma), ndi kukwaniritsa pamwamba "zero makutidwe ndi okosijeni" kudzera mosalekeza mauna lamba ng'anjo chitetezo m'mlengalenga kulamulira.

3. mfundo zowawa zamakampani ndi kupititsa patsogolo kumidzi

1. Kulephera kwaukadaulo

o Mabawuti a kalasi 12.9 amadalira zolowa kunja: chifukwa chosakwanira kuyeretsedwa kwa zinthu (kuchuluka kwa P, S) komanso kutenthetsa kosakhazikika, zogulitsa zapakhomo zimakhala ndi kusiyana pakulimba komanso kuchedwa kusweka poyerekeza ndi zomwe zatumizidwa kunja.

2. Kupita patsogolo kwa malo

o Large specifications bawuti yopambana: Mwa kukhathamiritsa quenching kutentha (850-870 ℃) ndi tempering magawo (500 ℃ × 180min) wa 35CrMoA zitsulo, mabizinesi monga Shuihui Jiangtianbao Industrial anazindikira misa kupanga M30-M36 mfundo 10.9 bolts 10.9.

o Kukweza kwa njira: Yambitsani mzere wowongolera kutentha wopitilira kutentha, kuwongolera bwino kuya kwa gawo la decarburization (≤0.02mm), ndikuwongolera kusasinthika kwazinthu.

4. m'tsogolo: wanzeru ndi mkulu-ntchito pagalimoto awiri gudumu

Ndikusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a bawuti pazida zatsopano zamagetsi ndi zakuthambo, makampani akufulumizitsa kusinthika kwake mbali ziwiri:

• Luntha lachidziwitso: dongosolo loyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya magawo ochizira kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya Zinthu kuti akwaniritse kuwongolera kolondola kwa kusinthasintha kwa kuuma ≤2HRC;

• Zida zapamwamba: Kupanga zitsulo zotsika kwambiri (monga 40CrNiMoA), zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ≥60J (-40 ℃), kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwathunthu kwa 12.9 bolts.

Mapeto

The zinthu kusankha ndi kutentha mankhwala amabawuti amphamvu kwambirindi "zobisika ngwazi luso" m'munda wa mwatsatanetsatane kupanga, zimene zimafuna sayansi ndi okhwima ndondomeko kamangidwe, komanso amadalira luso lothandizana ndi unyolo wonse wa zipangizo, zipangizo ndi kuyezetsa.Ndi kupambana kosalekeza kwa mabizinesi apakhomo pachimake, "maboti amphamvu kwambiri" opangidwa ku China akuyenda kuchokera ku "zogwiritsidwa ntchito" kupita "zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito" ndi "zokhazikika", zomwe zimapereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha kudziyimira pawokha kwa zida zapamwamba.